5 minutes; 3 questions; 5 marks; 2.5% of GCSE

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Details

Assessment Objectives

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About

• You will be asked three short questions about "key developments in film and film technology".
• You must give precise, accurate answers, based on the information in the mind map below. </aside>

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Specification

Key Developments In Film And Film Technology

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Guidelines

• Read the questions carefully — the examiner is looking for very specific, factual answers.
• Write a full sentence in response to each question.
• Take careful note of any bold text. If asked for a particular number of examples, follow the instructions precisely. </aside>

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Beginnings

Beginnings

https://youtu.be/utntGgcsZWI?si=BZ9wzqBOggHSzfEI

https://youtu.be/AhIbI_URhco?si=a3pKMLn-WGjCxclL

https://youtu.be/g-WuZisCi20?si=RyqlBuAauZNZ-mXt

https://youtu.be/c--DppM97eg?si=VjZowSz7r4vi9SBT

https://youtu.be/dOa7L2mc-Zs?si=9jSThjv0H1xONOuP

https://youtu.be/nOhLbjMSObo?si=zXmLtXcnzKtZSUvZ

• Moving images were the natural technological evolution of still image photography.
• It is difficult to pinpoint exactly when and where the first moving images were created. Many people around the world were simultaneously and independently working on similar technologies. </aside>

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1895

1895

https://youtu.be/pySTmXv6CfQ?si=RJkj5gszAVOguSK_

https://youtu.be/wovhikemM98?si=xHvRwVGBPmJH2ws3

• The first moving images are often credited to the Lumière Brothers in 1895.
• Early moving images are not recognisable as the narrative cinema we are used to today. They are often referred to as the "cinema of attractions" — a kind of novelty that could be found in travelling fairs or tourist venues. </aside>

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1895-1927

1895-1927

https://youtu.be/ySCi-BecfjE?si=TVJvwqm3yPJE2cYF

• Moving images were extremely popular and quickly displaced vaudeville and music hall as the entertainment of the masses.
• The "cinema of attractions" soon evolved into short narrative films, then full-length feature films that resemble those we are used to today.
• Many of the techniques of modern cinema were developed during these early days of film:
  • Cinematography
  • Principles of lighting
  • Continuity editing
  • Mise-en-scène
  • Location shooting </aside>

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1920s

1920s

https://youtu.be/zEvEwzNpivs?si=tjw7Hj5xJbrkdClt

• In America, film became a commercialised industry. Studios were formed to finance, develop, produce and exhibit films for a profit. These studios operated on a model of "vertical integration" — controlling all aspects of the filmmaking process, from inception to exhibition.
• Studios operated in competition with each other and the industry was dominated by eight companies — the big five and the little three.
  • The Big Five:
    • Paramount
    • Warner Bros
    • MGM
    • Twentieth Century Fox
    • RKO
  • The Little Three:
    • Columbia
    • Universal
    • United Artists </aside>

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1927

1927

https://youtu.be/WAMm-K7LoyY?si=Tdqk5AtMvbHheH7e

https://youtu.be/8SzltpkGz0M?si=FYwPvjBIFzvAfkpm

• Synchronising sound with moving images was a major technological hurdle.
• The Jazz Singer (Alan Crosland, 1927) was the first feature-length film to solve this problem. </aside>

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1935

1935

https://youtu.be/nQBy1ozakAU?si=11BOCZZB70sQIX_T

https://youtu.be/9vK-etFfxtU?si=_bfjANo6weWGMfI9

• Moving from monochrome to full-colour film processes was a similarly challenging conundrum.
• Becky Sharp (Rouben Mamoulien, 1935) was the first feature-length film to solve this problem, utilising the Technicolor 'three-strip' colour technique. </aside>

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