Robot Says…

The play is set in 1912, a time of rigid class divisions in Britain. This historical context is crucial, as it reflects the entrenched inequalities that Priestley critiques.
Mr Birling, a wealthy industrialist, represents the upper-middle class and is portrayed as arrogant, self-centred, and dismissive of social responsibility. His statement, “A man has to make his own way – has to look after himself – and his family too,” encapsulates his capitalist and individualistic worldview.
Mrs Birling, also of the upper-middle class, exemplifies snobbery and a lack of empathy towards the working class. Her refusal to help Eva Smith at the charity organisation, claiming, “She had only herself to blame,” highlights her prejudice and unwillingness to take responsibility.
Sheila Birling undergoes significant character development, moving from a naive upper-class young woman to someone who recognises the injustices of the class system. Her reaction to Eva’s plight—“But these girls aren’t cheap labour – they’re people”—shows her growing awareness of class inequality and her rejection of her parents’ elitist attitudes.
Eric Birling, though initially irresponsible, also displays a growing sense of guilt and social responsibility by the end of the play. His regret over his treatment of Eva, combined with his criticism of his parents' attitudes, demonstrates a rejection of traditional class values.
Eva Smith, a working-class woman, symbolises the struggles and exploitation faced by the lower classes. Her mistreatment by each member of the Birling family and Gerald represents the systemic abuse of power by the upper classes.
Inspector Goole serves as Priestley’s mouthpiece, delivering a socialist critique of the class system. His warning that “We don’t live alone. We are members of one body” underscores the moral responsibility of the upper classes to care for the less privileged.
The generational divide in attitudes towards class is significant. While Arthur and Sybil Birling cling to their classist views, Sheila and Eric show a willingness to change, reflecting Priestley’s hope for a more equitable future.
Priestley uses the play as a critique of the Edwardian class system and an appeal for social change. By exposing the hypocrisy and moral failings of the upper classes, he advocates for a more collective, responsible society.
The play’s structure, with the gradual revelation of each character’s connection to Eva, emphasises how systemic class inequalities are perpetuated by individuals in positions of power.
The timing of the play’s first performance in 1945, after World War II, is vital. Priestley’s message resonated with audiences who had experienced the war’s levelling effects and were seeking a more egalitarian society, leading to the rise of the welfare state. </aside>

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Relating to… Class

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